Mechanism of the synergistic action of oxythiamine and ketoconazole against the yeast Malassezia pachydermatis.

Abstract

This article explains the biochemical basis of the synergistic effect of oxythiamine (OT) and ketoconazole (KTC) against Malassezia pachydermatis yeast, which was isolated from dogs exhibiting clinical signs of otitis externa. All strains were incubated on MLNA medium supplemented with OT, KTC, or a mixture of both compounds. We found that the ergosterol content was reduced by the compounds tested, both separately (20%-50%) and in combination (80%). OT alone and in combination with KTC reduced NADPH levels. However, we found no differences in acetyl-CoA levels under the influence of the compounds tested. We suggest that the synergism of OT and KTC is due to a reduction in the rate of the mevalonate pathway by inhibition of NADPH influx from the pentose phosphate pathway (transketolase inhibition by OT) and inhibition of C14-α-lanosterol demethylase by KTC. The proposed mechanism may be versatile for other yeast-like species, making the combination of OT and KTC a promising treatment option for superficial, opportunistic yeast-like infections.