Vocal fold granuloma linked to airway syndrome in 13 brachycephalic

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To clinically and histopathologically characterize the laryngeal mass commonly referred to as vocal fold granuloma in brachycephalic dogs and to evaluate treatment responses and follow-up outcomes. ANIMALS: 13 brachycephalic dogs were included (8 French Bulldogs, 2 Bulldogs, 1 Pug, 1 Boston Terrier, and 1 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel). CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Brachycephalic dogs diagnosed with a vocal fold mass during endoscopic laryngeal examination were retrospectively included. RESULTS: 11 dogs were referred for consultation of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). All dogs exhibited clinical signs of upper respiratory obstruction, and 7 had gastrointestinal symptoms. Twelve dogs underwent surgical resection of vocal fold masses with BOAS surgery. Histopathological evaluation revealed exophytic granulation tissue associated with ulceration and inflammation, as well as varying degrees of mucosal hyperplasia. Postoperative treatment included glucocorticoids and antibiotics. One dog with unilateral laryngeal paresis experienced a recurrence of clinical signs 6 months postoperatively and required a second surgical resection. The median follow-up duration for all 13 dogs was 499 days (range, 95 to 1,708 days). No further recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Laryngeal masses in various brachycephalic breeds, referred to as vocal fold granulomas, consisted of granulation tissue rather than true granulomas. Surgical intervention, including conventional BOAS surgery and excision of granulation tissue, combined with anti-inflammatory treatment appeared essential for establishing a diagnosis and addressing underlying causes.