Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Dog overdose on isoniazid - symptoms and treatment
By Villar, D et al.·Published in Veterinary and human toxicology·1995·College of Veterinary Medicine, United States·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Treatment of acute isoniazid overdose in dogs.
Plain-English summary
A dog was brought in after accidentally swallowing a 300 mg isoniazid tablet, which can cause severe symptoms like seizures and a stupor. The dog experienced recurrent seizures, but the veterinarian treated it with a combination of vitamin B6 and diazepam, which helped stabilize the dog's condition. This treatment worked effectively to reduce the seizures and protect the dog from further complications. With prompt care, the dog was able to recover from the overdose.
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Abstract
The National Animal Poison Control Center received 28 calls of isoniazid (INH) exposures in dogs and cats between 1987 and 1993. The ingestion of a single 300 mg INH tablet was the most common complaint. Isoniazid has a low therapeutic margin and produces life threatening signs in dogs ingesting single 300 mg human tablets. The LD50 of INH in dogs is estimated at 50 mg/kg bw, which is probably similar to that for humans. However, rodents are among the species most resistant to INH and thus are not good animal models for toxic dose extrapolation. The more consistent clinical signs reported were recurrent clonic-tonic seizures followed by a stuporous state with poor response to stimulus. Ideal treatment combines vitamin B6 given as a single i.v. bolus at an equivalent dose to the amount of INH ingested and anticonvulsants such as 1 mg diazepam/kg bw. This combination acts synergistically to improve GABAergic transmission in the CNS and has proved effective in protecting animals from further convulsions and death, even after several seizure episodes, as often encountered in clinical situations.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8592842/